Non-exposure parenting increases risk of bullying behavior in junior high school students
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background
Bullying behavior is one of many behavioral and disciplinary problems among school students, which has a wide impact on youth, families, schools, and communities. Parenting and the role of parents as good educators (exposure) can prevent mental, emotional and behavioral disorders caused by bullying. The aim of this study was to determine the role of self-esteem and family factors on bullying behavior in junior high schools students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted including 1324 junior high school students of Penjaringan village, North Jakarta. Respondents filled out questionnaires on demographics (age, gender, economic status, educational level), Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, strength and difficulties questionnaire, Olweus bullying questionnaire, Hamilton scale for depression, parenting style, and family adaptability and cohesion scales III. Simple and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data.
Results
Respondents consisted of 53.5% females and 46.5% males, with an age range of 13-16 years. A total of 45% was involved in bullying (victims, perpetrators, and victims and perpetrators). Gender, self-esteem, family relationships, and parenting were significantly associated with bullying role (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that self-esteem (odds ratio=23.89; 95% CI:7.899-12.990) and non-exposure parenting (odds ratio=39.11;95% CI: 2.455-8.210) were significantly associated with bullying behavior.
Conclusions
Non-exposure parenting was the most relevant risk factor of bullying behavior. Low self-esteem increases the risk of bullying behavior. These findings suggest the need of timely bullying prevention and intervention programs that should have a special focus on families of primary high school students.Article Details
The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
References
Novianti I. Fenomena kekerasan di lingkungan pendidikan. J Insania 2010;13:1-10.
Harris S. Bullying at school among older adolescents. School Nurs Rev 2010; 22:18-21.
Nation M, Vieno A, Perkins D. Bullying in school and adolescent sense of empowerment: an analysis of relationship with parents, friends, and teachers. J Community Applied Soc Psychol 2011;10:115-27.
Wang J, Iannotti RJ, Nansel TR. School bullying among adolescents in the United States: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. J Adolesc Health 2009;45:368–75.
Olweus D. Bullying at school: basic fact and effect of a school based intervention program. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009;35:171-90.
Cook C, Williams KR, Guerra NG, et al. Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic investigation. Sch Psychol 2010;25:65–8
Nurhamzah W, Maureen A, Wiguna T. Gambaran bullying dan hubungannya dengan masalah emosi dan perilaku pada anak Sekolah Dasar. Sari Pediatri 2013;15:174-80.
Weir E. The health impact of bullying. Can Med Assoc J 2011;1:1245-9.
Arseneault L, Bowes L, Shakoor S. Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘much ado about nothing’? Psychol Med 2010;40:717-29.
Van der Wal MF, de Wit CAM, Hirasing RA. Psychosocial health among young victims and offenders of direct and indirect bullying. Pediatrics 2003;111:1312-7.
Brixval CS, Rayce SL, Rasmussen M. Overweight, body image and bullying–an epidemiological study of 11-15 years olds. Eur J Public Health 2011;3:123-5.
Flemming LC, Jacobsen KH. Bullying among middle school students in low and middle income countries. J Health Promotion 2010;25:73-82.
Nansel TR, Overpeck M, Pilla RS, et al. Bullying behaviors among U.S. youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA 2010;2:285-11.
Stein JA, Dukes RL, Warren JI. Adolescent male bullies, victims, and bully-victims: a comparison of psychosocial and behavioral characteristics. J Pediatric Psychol 2007; 32:273-82.
Nordhagen R, Nielsen A, Stigum H, et al. Parental reported bullying among Nordic children: a population-based study. Child Care Health Dev 2009;31:693-701.
Smokowski, Kopasz. Bullying in school: an overview of types, effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies. J Pediatric Psychol 2010;27:101-9.
Spade JA. The relationship between student bullying behaviours and self-esteem [dissertation]. New York: College of Bowling Green State University;2010.
Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Marttunen M, et al. Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. BMJ 2011;3:348-51.
Gini G. Association between bullying behaviour, psychosomatic complaints, emotional and behavioural problems. J Paed Chlid Health 2011;44:492-7.
Garner PW, Hinton ST. Emotional display rules and emotional self-regulation: associations with bullying and victimization in community-based after school programs. J Community Appl Psychol 2010;20:480–9.
Holt MK, Espelage DL. Perceived social support among bullies, victims, and bully-victims. J Youth Adolesc 2007;36:984–9.
Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS. Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2010;2:123-9.
Bacikova-Sleskova M, Madarasova GA, van Dijk JP, et al. Parental support and adolescents’ health in the context of parental employment status. J Adolesc 2011;34:141-9.
Tritt C, Duncan RD. The relationship between childhood bullying and young adult self-esteem and loneliness. J Humanistic Educ Develop 2009;36:35–44.
Salmon G. Bullying in school: self-reported anxiety and self-esteem in secondary school children. BMJ 2008;3:924–5.