Psychological distress and dyslipidemia in adult women: A 6-years follow up study in Bogor City, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Dyslipidemia is of global occurrence, with a prevalence 30% or higher in several countries, including Indonesia. One risk factor of dyslipidemia is physical or mental stress, that is more frequent in women. This study aimed at investigating the association between psychological distress and dyslipidemia in adult women.
METHODS
This observational longitudinal study involved 1850 women aged 25 years and older at baseline. Dyslipidemia was determined from the ratio of low- density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein. Psychological distress was determined using the 20-item self-reporting questionnaire. Data analysis was by Cox regression for calculating the hazard ratio of the incidence of dyslipidemia as predicted by the psychological distress.
RESULTS
Among the 1474 participants without dyslipidemia at baseline, 545 (36.9%) developed dyslipidemia during 6 years of monitoring, while 93 (6.3%) had a history of psychological distress. There was a significant association between psychological distress and dyslipidemia (HR = 3.08; 95% CI: 2.33- 4.07). Cox regression revealed that the association was still found to be significant after a further adjustment for the variables of age, BMI, menopause, smoking status, physical activity, and carbohydrate and fat intakes (HR=2.8; 95% CI: 2.10 - 3.77).
CONCLUSIONS
Dyslipidemia incidence was high among adult women in Bogor. Women with psychological distress had higher incidence rates of dyslipidemia than women without psychological distress. Psychological distress in women was statistically significantly associated with incidence rate of dyslipidemia. This finding highlights the importance of the need for a dyslipidemia- reduction program in women through prevention and control of psychological distress.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
References
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI). Panduan pengelolaan dislipidemia di Indonesia. Jakarta: PB PERKENI;2021.
Lin CF, Chang YH, Chien SC, Lin YH, Yeh HY. Epidemiology of dyslipidemia in the Asia Pacific region. Int J Gerontol 2018;12:2–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2018.02.010.
Xi Y, Niu L, Cao N, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adults aged e”35 years in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020;20:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09172-9
Tabrizi JS, Nikniaz L, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural areas of the Northwest of Iran: the sociodemographic, dietary and psychological determinants. Iran J Public Health 2019;48:925–33. DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v48i5.1810.
Gebreegziabiher G, Belachew T, Mehari K, Tamiru D. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021;16:e0243103. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243103.
Hedayatnia M, Asadi Z, Zare-Feyzabadi R, et al. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids Health Dis 2020;19:1–11. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01204-y.
Sonkar S, Kumar P. Determination of the effects of psychological stress on lipid profiles of patients. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res 2020;8:217–20.
Eredoro CO, Egbochuku OO. Overview of stress and stress management. ARC J Nursing Healthcare 2019;5:12-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2455-4324.0502002.
Amir F, Zahriyah, Priyanto A. Analisis korelasi self acceptance, stres psikologis, dan kadar kolesterol pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia. Nurs Updat 2021;12:148–55.
Abdulshafea M, Rhouma AH, Gire N, AlMadhoob A, Arshad U, Husain N. The epidemiology of common mental disorders in Libya: a systematic review. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 2021;57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-021-00408-y
Idaiani S, Suryaputri IY, Mubasyiroh R, Indrawati L, Darmayanti I. Validity of the self reporting questionnaire-20 for depression based on national health survey. Med Psychol 2021;1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-362342/v1.
do Carmo MBB, dos Santos LM, Feitosa CA, et al. Screening for common mental disorders using the SRQ-20 in Brazil: what are the alternative strategies for analysis? Rev Bras Psiquiatr.2018; 40:115–22. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2139.
Netsereab TB, Kifle MM, Tesfagiorgis RB, Habteab SG, Weldeabzgi YK, Tesfamariam OZ. Validation of the WHO self-reporting questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) item in primary health care settings in Eritrea. Int J Ment Health Syst 2018;12:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0242-y.
Reuter A, Vollmer S, Aiyub A, Susanti SS, Marthoenis M. Mental distress and its association with sociodemographic and economic characteristics: community-based household survey in Aceh, Indonesia. BJ Psych Open 2020; 6:1–8. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.108.
Kementerian Kesehatan. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan;2019.
Riyadina W, Sudikno, Pradono J, et al. Laporan akhir penelitian studi kohor faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular dan tumbuh kembang anak tahun 2018. Jakarta: Puslitbang Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat, Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes RI; 2018.
Kristanti D, Rahajeng E, Sulistiowati E, Kusumawardani N, Dany F. Determinants of diabetes comorbidities in Indonesia: a cohort study of non-communicable disease risk factor. Univ Med 2021;40:3–13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2021.v40.3-13.
Chen X, Leng L, Yu H, et al. Psychological distress and dyslipidemia in Chinese police officers: a 4-year follow-up study in Tianjin, China. J Occup Environ Med 2015;57:400–5. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000372.
Zhang Z, Sum G, Qin VM, et al. Associations between mental health disorder and management of physical chronic conditions in China: a pooled cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2021;11:5731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85126-4.
Ferri F, Deschênes SS, Power N, Schmitz N. Associations between cognitive function, metabolic factors and depression: a prospective study in Quebec, Canada. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:77–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.039.
Lou Y, Li X, Cao L, et al. LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio discordance with lipid parameters and carotid intima-media thickness: a cohort study in China. Lipids Health Dis 2020;19:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01324-5.
Chen QJ, Lai HM, Chen BD, et al. Appropriate LDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio cutoffs for categorization of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Uygur adults in Xinjiang, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13020235.
Sudikno, Syarief H, Dwiriani C, Riyadi H, Pradono J. Hubungan obesitas sentral dengan profil lipid pada orang dewasa umur 25-65 tahun di kota Bogor. J Indones Nutr Assoc 2016;39:81–92.
Saito T, Miyatake N, Sakano N, et al. Relationship between cigarette smoking and muscle strength in Japanese men. J Prev Med Public Heal 2012;45: 381–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2012.45. 6.381.
Amelia R, Nasrul E, Basyar M. Hubungan derajat merokok berdasarkan indeks Brinkman dengan kadar hemoglobin. J Kesehat Andalas 2016;5:619–24.
Arija V, Villalobos F, Pedret R, et al. Effectiveness of a physical activity program on cardiovascular disease risk in adult primary health-care users: the “Pas-a-Pas” community intervention trial. BMC Public Health 2017;17:576. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4485-3.
Utami RW, Sofia SN, Murbawani EA. Lipid pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner. J Kedokt Diponegoro 2017;6:1143–55.
Hussain A, Ali I, Kaleem WA, Yasmeen F. Correlation between body mass index and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Pakistan J Med Sci 2019;35:591–7. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.7.
Kulanuwat S, Tungtrongchitr R, Billington D, Davies IG. Prevalence of plasma small dense LDL is increased in obesity in a Thai population. Lipids Health Dis 2015;14:1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12944-015-0034-1.
Catalina-Romero C, Calvo E, Sánchez-Chaparro MA, et al. The relationship between job stress and dyslipidemia. Scand J Public Health 2013;41:142–9. doi: 10.1177/1403494812470400.
Assadi SN. What are the effects of psychological stress and physical work on blood lipid profiles? Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006816.
Yu J, Zhang Z, Li C, et al. Serum lipid concentrations are associated with negative mental health outcomes in healthy women aged 35–49 years. Front Psychiatry 2021;12:1–6. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.773338.
Kim EJ, Hong J, Hwang JW. The association between depressive mood and cholesterol levels in Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Investig 2019;16:737–44. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.03.24.
Marcondes FK, das Neves VJ, Costa R, et al. Dyslipidemia induced by stress. In: Kelishadi R,editor. Dyslipidemia - from prevention to treatment. IntechOpen;2012;p.367-90. doi: 10.5772/28163.
Subramanian S, Elango T, Malligarjunan H, Vinod K, Dayalan H. Role of sudarshan kriya and pranayam on lipid profile and blood cell parameters during exam stress: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Yoga 2012;5:21–7. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.91702.