Physical activity reduced hypertension in the elderly and cost-effective

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Dec 23, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.173-181 Universa Medicina
Abstract Viewed: 813
PDF Downloaded: 239
Keywords:
Physical activity hypertension cost-effectiveness analysis elderly

Main Article Content

Robert D. Gandasentana
Department of Anatomy Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trisakti University
Rina K. Kusumaratna
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Abstract

Sedentary lifestyle gives rise to important health problems in the world, such as cardiovascular disorders and hypertension. Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the most significant risk factor for stroke. There is mounting evidence that physical activity is beneficial for the elderly, and may have positive effects on chronic disorders, such as hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of physical activity for reducing hypertension and the healthcare costs of hypertension in the elderly. This cross-sectional study, conducted from August to October 2009, involved 237 community-dwelling elderly in one district of South Jakarta, comprising 86 males and 151 females aged 66.4 ± 6.3 years. Data on background characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire, while physical activity was assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results showed that 32.9% elderly was physically active and 67.1 % less physically active. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 18.6%, while there was no significant difference of hypertension between male and female elderly (p=0.737). The risk for hypertension in the physically active group was 0.40 times lower than that in the less physically active group (OR = 0.40; 95% C.I. 0.16 – 0.97), leading to annual healthcare cost savings in the physically active group of 60%. In conclusion, physical activity reduces hypertension and the associated healthcare expenditure among community-dwelling elderly.

Article Details

How to Cite
Gandasentana, R. D., & Kusumaratna, R. K. (2011). Physical activity reduced hypertension in the elderly and cost-effective. Universa Medicina, 30(3), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2011.v30.173-181
Issue
Vol. 30 No. 3 (2011)
Section
Review Article

The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions.

References

World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease: joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization;2003.

Mason PJ, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Albert CM, Chown MJ, Cook NR, et al. Blood pressure and risk of secondary cardiovascular events in women: the women’s antioxidant cardiovascular study (WACS). Circulation 2004;109:1623-9.

Babatsikou F, Zavitsanou A. Epidemiology of hypertension in the elderly. Health Sci J 2010;4:24-30.

Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, Lau CP, Lam KS. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among United States Adults 1999-2004. Hypertension 2007;49:69-75.

Kannel WB. Prevalence and implications of uncontrolled systolic hypertension. Drugs Aging 2003; 20:277-86.

World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (ISH). Guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 1999; 17:151-83.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Service. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Bethesda, MD: NHLBI Health Information Center;2004.

Cobiac LJ, Vos T, Barendregt JT. Cost-effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity: a modelling study. PLoS Med 2009;6:e1000110. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed. 1000110.

Kahn EB, Ramsey LT, Brownson RC, Heath GW, Howze EH, Powell KE, et al. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2002;22:73–107.

World Health Organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Geneva: World Health Organization;2004.

Ministry of Health. Basic health research 2007. Jakarta: Health Research and Development Board Department of Health;2008.

Rubinstein A, Martí SG, Souto A, Ferrante1 D, Augustovski F. Generalized cost-effectiveness analysis of a package of interventions to reduce cardiovascular disease in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2009;7:10 doi:10. 1186/1478-7547-7-10.

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Research Committee. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ) : short and long forms. Available at: http://www.ipaq.ki.se. Accessed October 10, 2009.

World Health Organization. Appropriate body mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. The Lancet 2004;363:157-63.

Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, et al. Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens 2002;4:393-404.

Méndez-Chacón E, Santamaría-Ulloa C, Rosero-Bixby L. Factors associated with hypertension prevalence, unawareness and treatment among Costa Rican elderly. BMC Public Health 2008;8:275 doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-275.

Mora S, Cook N, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Lee IM. Physical activity and reduced risk of cardiovascular events: potential mediating mechanisms. Circulation 2007;116:2110-8.

Nelson MR, Alkhateeb AM, Ryan P, Willson K, Gartlan JG, Reid CM on behalf of the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Management Committee. Physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use and associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the second Australian national blood pressure study cohort. Age Ageing 2010;39:112–39.

McNeill AM, Katz R, Girman CJ, Rosamond WD, Wagenknecht LE, Barzilay JI, et al. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in older people: the cardiovascular health study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:1317–24.

Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Kavouras S, Stefanadis C. The associations between physical activity,inflammation, and coagulation markers, in people with metabolic syndrome: the ATTICA study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005;12:151–8.

Bianchi G, Rossi V, Muscari A, Magalotti D, Zoli M and the Pianoro Study Group. Physical activity is negatively associated with the metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Q J Med 2008; 101:713–21.

McCarthy CJ, Mills PM, Pullen R, Richardson G, Hawkins N, Roberts CR, et al. Supplementation of home-based exercise programmme with a class-based programme for people with osteoarthritis of the knees: a randomized controlled trial and health economic analysis. Health Tech Assess 2004;8:46.

Sherwood A, Gullette ECD, Babyak M, Waugh R, Georgiades A. Reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy after exercise and weight loss in overweight patients with mild hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1333–9.

Tsai JC, Yang HY, Wang WH, Hsieh MH, Chen PT, Kao CC, et al. The beneficial effect of regular endurance exercise training on blood pressure and quality of life in patients with hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2004;26:255–65.

Roberts CK, Vaziri ND, Barnard RJ. Effect of diet and exercise intervention on blood pressure, insulin, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide availability. Circulation 2002;106:2530–2.

Barengo NC, Hu G, Lakka TA, Pekkarinen H, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland. Eur Heart J 2004;25:2204–11.

Hu G, Tuomilehtoa J, Silventoinenb K, Barengoc N, Jousilahtia P. Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle aged Finnish men and women. Eur Heart J 2004;25:2212–9.

Department of Health. Indonesian diagnosis related group fees for general and special C & D type hospitals. Jakarta: Department of Health - Directorate General for Medical Services Upbuilding;2007.