Creatine kinase increases in adults with uncontrolled hypertension

Main Article Content

Andy Luman
Abdurrahim Rasyid Lubis

Abstract

BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of uncomplicated, treated primary hypertensive patients have failure of hypertension treatment. The enzyme creatine kinase (CK) regenerates adenosine triphosphate in striated muscle, myocardium and blood vessels. Several studies showed that serum CK was found to be a predictor of blood pressure in the general population. High tissue CK precedes hypertension in populations with high hypertension risk. The hypothesis of this study was to examine that CK increases in uncontrolled hypertension subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study from November until December 2013 was conducted in 82 adult hypertensive patients with mean age of 61.96 ± 10.76 years. Patients’ histories were taken and their blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Serum was analyzed for serum CK, random blood glucose and lipid profile. Independent t test and Mann Whitney was used to assess differences in mean CK and other variables between hypertension categories. Chi-square test was also used to assess differences between CK tertiles and status of hypertension. RESULTS There was a significant difference in mean CK between controlled hypertension (81.83 ± 29.70 U/L) and uncontrolled hypertension groups (132.17 ± 55.91 U/ L). The number of subjects in the high CK tertile (>109.33 U/L) was significantly higher in the uncontrolled hypertension group (81.5%), compared with the controlled hypertension group (18.5%) (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Creatine kinase level increases in adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Measuring serum levels of creatine kinase may help doctors to spot patients whose hypertension will be difficult to treat.

Article Details

How to Cite
Luman, A., & Lubis, A. R. (2014). Creatine kinase increases in adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Universa Medicina, 33(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.36-42
Section
Review Article

References

Blumenfeld JD, Liu F, Laragh JH. Primary and

secondary hypertension. In: Brenner and the

rector‘s the kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier-

Saunders;2012.p.1670-751.

Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN. US trends in

prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of

hypertension, 1998-2008. JAMA 2010;303:

-50.

Olives C, Myerson R, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL,

Lim SS. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and

control of hypertension in United States counties,

-2009. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e60308.

Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN, Brzezinski WA,

Ferdinand KC. Uncontrolled and apparent

treatment-resistant hypertension in the United

States, 1998 to 2008. Circulation 2011;124:1046-

Brewster LM, van Montfrans GA, Kleijnen J.

Systematic review: anti-hypertensive drug

therapy in black patients. Ann Intern Med 2004;

:614-27.

Gu Q, Dillon CF, Burt VL, Gillu RF. Association

of hypertension treatment and control with allcause

and cardiovascular disease mortality

among US adults with hypertension. Am J

Hypertens 2010;23:38-45.

Oudman I. Creatine kinase and blood pressure:

clinical and therapeutic implications

[dissertation]. Amsterdam: University of

Amsterdam;2013. Available at: http://dare.uva.nl

/record/ 441526. Accessed September 1, 2013.

Brewster LM, Mairuhu G, Bindraban NR,

Koopmans RP, Clark JF, van Montfrans GA.

Creatine kinase activity is associated with blood

pressure. Circulation 2006;114:2034-9.

Oudman I, Preschana V, Kewalbansingh, van

Valkengoed I, Zwinderman AH, Clark JF, et al.

Creatine kinase is associated with failure of

hypertension treatment. J Hypertens 2013;31:

-31.

Brewster LM, Coronel CMD, Sluiter W, Clark

JF, van Montfrans GA. Ethnic differences in

tissue creatine kinase activity: an observational

study. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e32471.

Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman

WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. and the National

High Blood Pressure Education Program

Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the

Joint National Committee on prevention,

detection, evaluation, and treatment of high

blood pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-52.

Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar

metodologi penelitian klinis. 4th ed. Jakarta:

Sagung Seto; 2011.

Savoldelli VK, Gillaizeau F, Pouchot J, Lenain

E, Vinay NP, Plouin PF, et al. Validation of

French version of the 8-item Morisky medication

adherence scale in hypertensive adults. J Clin

Hypertens 2012;14:429-34.

Brewster LM, van Bree S, Reijneveld JC,

Notermans NC, Verschuren WMM, Clark JF, et

al. Hypertension risk in idiopathic hyperCKemia.

J Neurol 2008;255:11-5.

Johnsen SH, Lilleng H, Wilsgaard T, Bekkelund

SI. Creatine kinase activity and blood pressure

in a normal population: the Tromso study. J

Hypertens 2010;29:36-42.

Brewster LM, Mairuhu G, Ganzeboom K, van

Dijk N, van Montfrans GA, Wieling W. Low

creatine kinase is associated with a high

population incidence of fainting. Clin Auton Res

;19:231-6.

Beevers G, Lip GYH, Brien EO. ABC of

hypertension: the pathophysiology of

hypertension. BMJ 2001;322:912-6.

Brewster LM, Clark JF, van Montfrans GA. Is

greater tissue activity of creatine kinase the

genetic factor increasing hypertension risk in

black people of sub-Saharan African descent?. J

Hypertens 2000;18:1537-44.